"The past is never fully gone. It is absorbed into the present and the future. It stays to shape what we are and what we do."
Sir William Deane, Governor-General of Australia, Inaugural Vincent Lingiari Memorial Lecture, August 1996.
Armillaria
"The occurrence, symptoms and impact of a dieback disease in selectively logged, mixed species eucalypt forests in central Victoria are described. E. obliqua E. viminalis and E. globulus subsp. bicostata are the main species affected, although a range of other eucalypt and some Acacia species are also killed. Dieback affects trees at all stages of growth and it is estimated that 1400 ha of high quality production forest are severely affected, with a further 600 ha moderately affected, Stands with severe and moderate dieback are estimated to have respective sawlog volume increments of about one half and two thirds that of an average healthy stand. An unidentified species of Armillaria is consistently associated with dead or dying trees. Disease development is associated with selective cutting in pole stage or mature stands, but no consistent associations between site, other silvicultural factors or disease have yet been established. Past drought stress may have influenced disease development in some areas." From: Tree Decline and Mortality in Selectively Logged Eucalypt Forests in Central Victoria.
Phasmatids
The commercially important mountain ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria provide habitats for at least two species of phasmatids (stick insects), one of which (Didymuria violescens) has potential for severe defoliation over large areas. Such defoliation often results in premature tree death. In the summer of 1960/61, infestation of phasmatids first appeared in stands near Powelltown, though stands in other parts of the Central Highlands were also attacked. As a result of this threat to the immature ash resource, detailed studies on the biology and epidemiology of phasmatids were undertaken. This work, which is reported by Neumann et al. (1977), led to the development of an effective and safe control strategy.
Phytophthora Root Rot
Much has been said and written about the potential impact of the cinnamon fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi on native forests in parts of Australia. Particular attention has been focused on the jarrah forests of Western Australia, and their research provided a pace setter for the rest of Australia. It was also detected in some rain forests in Queensland, and the mixed eucalypt forests along the coastal regions of Victoria (especially east Gippsland). About 1000 ha of dieback and tree decline were observed in the coastal forests of east Gippsland in the 1950s, but the fungus was not isolated in these forests until 1969. Soon after (1970/71), acute dieback occurred over significant areas of these coastal forests (Marks and Idczak, 1977). As the type of injury sustained by trees varied considerably, it became evident at this time that, inter alia, disease expression depended on species, soil type, elevation and general climatic conditions. Exhaustive research followed the events of the 1960s and early 1970s.
"Let us regard the forest as an inheritance, not to be destroyed or devastated, but to be wisely used, reverently honoured and carefully maintained. Let us regard the forest as a gift, entrusted to any of us only for transient care, to be surrendered to posterity as an unimpaired property, increased in riches and augmented in blessings, to pass as a sacred patrimony from generation to generation."
Baron Ferdinand von Mueller - Suggestions on the Maintenance, Creation and Enrichment of Forests (1879)